Element is one of only a handful of facilities in the world that is capable of offering all three types of testing (bird strike, hail impact, and projectile impact) for a wide variety of materials, components, products, and systems. Several important factors that can influence the testing process must be taken into full consideration: Test ...
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impact tests, in order of increasing achievable strain rates (13). Pendulum-based Charpy and Izod tests, which differ by their specimen target geometry, and drop-weight tests follow a similar
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3.26 projectiles that are ultimately restrained by means of a non-rigid tether (e.g. a pop-gun). functional magnet in electrical components necessary in a toy where. 3.27 he or electronic components of toys magnetic function of properties motors, relays, speakers part of the electrical of the toy or electronic.
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This study conducts the laser-induced particle impact test (LIPIT), in which laser ablation induces supersonic ejection of a microparticle, resulting in the generation of an impact crater. We first propose a method for measuring particle projectile velocity using a mechanoluminescent (ML) material.
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There are also new requirements for impact resistance, and those for improvised projectiles. 4.17.4. Defines new requirements for toy catapults and projectiles propelled …
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1 Introduction Since its introduction a decade ago, [] laser-induced particle impact testing (LIPIT) has evolved into a versatile tool for high-strain-rate testing of an abundance of materials. [] By providing a ballistic test platform to study individual, high-velocity ...
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Section snippets Experimental setup A two-stage compressed gas gun test facility installed at Hypervelocity Impact Research Center in Harbin Institute of Technology was used to conduct the impact tests. The gun mainly consists of a pressurized chamber, a 57 mm caliber diameter nitrogen pump tube, a 12.7 mm caliber diameter and 3 m long …
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This research aims to experimentally evaluate the behaviour of multi-layered fibrous cementitious composites with intermediate Glass Fibre Meshes (GFM) under repeated projectile load. The impact load was subjected through a convex edge projectile needle at a low velocity on cylindrical specimens of three-layered fibrous cementitious …
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The projectile and target plate are made of 6061 aluminum, pure aluminum and 45 steel, respectively. As shown in Fig. 3, the long-rod projectile has a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 50 mm. The diameter and length …
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Recent nanoscale ballistic impact tests on polymer thin films via Laser-induced Particle Impact Test (LIPIT) have observed complex high-rate fracture behaviors leading to an unprecedented amount ...
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We have carried out a few tests on complete proprietary rocket motors with the STANAG projectile at the higher (2530m/s) velocity. In the following slide a motor can be seen configured ready for testing with the aim mark clearly visible. The subsequent slide shows the aftermath of the test, which in this instance resulted in a detonation.
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Protective structures subjected to intensive loads that may benefit from the use of multilayer composite structures with excellent hardness and impact resistance represent an emerging research field in recent times. In this study, low-velocity projectile impact tests were performed on Functionally-graded Preplaced Aggregate Fibrous …
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Kinetic Energy Testing serves as a pivotal component of thorough toy safety evaluations, particularly for toys featuring projectile functionalities, such as toy …
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This paper explores the effects of projectile density, impact angle and energy on the damage produced by hypervelocity impacts on carbon fibre/PEEK composites. Tests were performed using the light gas gun facilities at the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, and the NASA Johnson Space Center two-stage light gas gun …
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Scope. 1.1. This standard test method describes laboratory equipment and basic requirements pertinent to projectile impact testing of protective headgear or certain projectiles. Deviations, additions or both, to this test method will be specified, as required, in individual standard performance specifications. 1.2.
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To ensure safety in the experimental impact tests, serial RS-232 communication can be used to monitor this information using a remote computer. The system is highly robust since it is able to measure projectile velocity even when an optical barrier is missed by failure in either the optical transmitter or the receptor.
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standards, such as UL 1642, have been developed for battery safety assessment, including impact testing, this paper shows that cell manufacturers are facing difficulties with UL 1642 safety tests ...
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General These requirements apply to toys that are intended to launch projectiles into free flight by means of a discharge mechanism in which the kinetic energy of the projectile is …
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This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of high-velocity microparticle impact techniques to provide a reference for researchers in different materials testing fields and facilitate experimental design in dynamic testing for a wide range of impactor sizes, geometries, and velocities. Next, we review recent studies using the laser ...
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Foreseeable-use durability testing on projectile ends employs various torque, tension, drop and impact tests to simulate their intended use. As a further safeguard against choking, ASTM F963 and EN 71 have also set a minimum-permissible length for …
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For the energy storage projectile toys, the kinetic energy per unit area should be lower than 2500J/m2 which is the same with ISO 8124. The revised standard …
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A High-velocity Impact-ignition Testing System (HITS) was developed to study the dynamic response of intermetallic projectiles penetrating through two aluminum plates at impact velocities up to 1300 m/s. The intermetallic projectiles are contained in a 0.410 caliber shot gun shell and launched from a propellant driven gun into a catch …
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The term "ballistic" is used in mathematics and physics to describe an object in flight and the effect the object has upon a surface on impact. A ballistic object is launched and then flies through a medium with a momentum that carries it through a trajectory in space. Any object launched in space by the exertion of a force is called a ...
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Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm cubic samples of plain concrete, UHPC-PF and UHPC-SF. The typical compressive failure modes and crack patterns of cubic samples are shown in Fig. 1, where the plain concrete sample displayed a brittle failure with two long longitudinal cracks while the …
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The mushrooming effect causes stresses to be localized in the head of the projectile, which can lead to cracks that begin at the impact face and propagate backwards. Of significance in Xiao et al ...
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According to the amended mandatory standard: A projectile toy shall comply with the designated clauses of one of the following standards: • AS/NZS 8124.1:2019 (incorporating Amd1:2020 & Amd2:2020) • EN 71-1:2014+A1:2018. • ISO 8124.1:2018 (incorporating Amd1:2020 & Amd2:2020) • ASTM F963-17. In addition, if a projectile toy …
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This article develops a momentum exchange impact indentation testing method, which extends the testing range of strain rate to above 10 5 s −1, and at the same time avoids secondary impact. Impact indentation tests are conducted on single-crystal aluminum specimens with impact velocity from 76.9 to 176 mm/s.
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